Types of energy storage temperature control systems in Serbia

Thermochemical storage involves reversible chemical reactions to store and release thermal energy. This method offers the highest energy density among the three types, as it relies on the energy absorbed or released during chemical bond formation and breaking.

Thermal storage systems have found diverse applications in both buildings and industrial settings, driven by the need for energy efficiency and sustainability. In residential and commercial buildings, these systems are increasingly integrated into heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems to optimize energy use.

Materials used in thermochemical storage include metal hydrides, ammonia, and various salts. These systems are highly efficient and can store energy for extended periods without significant losses. They are particularly suitable for long-term storage and transportation of thermal energy.

Thermal storage systems can be categorized into three main types: sensible heat storage, latent heat storage, and thermochemical storage. Each type has unique characteristics and applications, making them suitable for different scenarios. Sensible heat storage involves storing thermal energy by raising the temperature of a solid or liquid medium.

Zhang et al. compared the performance of different storage capacity-based and priority-based control strategies for an HVAC system combined with a TES. They concluded that while the full storage control technique is superior for the summer, the storage-priority strategy is appropriate for winter.

While the battery is the most widespread technology for storing electricity, thermal energy storage (TES) collects heating and cooling. Energy storage is implemented on both supply and demand sides. Compressed air energy storage, high-temperature TES, and large-size batteries are applied to the supply side.